Ten years ago, the French suburbs erupted in a wave of violence after the tragic deaths of two teenagers chased by the police. A state of emergency was declared and it took several weeks, some 10,000 burned cars and over 4,000 arrests before calm was restored. A decade later, many French "banlieues" have undergone major renovation. But a sense of stigmatization and discrimination remains, amounting to what Prime Minister Manuel Valls calls a "social apartheid".

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