Pakistan remains trapped in grave existential incertitude with its economy tottering and polity being pulled apart by competing stakeholders. This is even as an investigative report by the Intercept website alleged that the Biden administration helped Pakistan secure a controversial new bailout from the IMF after Pakistan agreed to secretly sell $900 million arms to the United States for the war in Ukraine.

To understand Pakistan from the standpoint of its troubled history since its founding 76 years ago Mayank Chhaya Reports spoke to Prof Ayesha Jalal, eminent historian, author and the Mary Richardson professor of history at the Tufts University’s Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy.