President Tayyip Erdogan declared on Friday he would not bow to Iraqi demands he withdraw Turkish troops from a camp close to the Islamic State-held city of Mosul, and Baghdad said it would ask the U.N. Security Council to order them to leave.
Ankara says the troops were sent as part of an international mission to train and equip Iraqi forces to fight Islamic State.
The latest comments indicated continuing tensions despite the Turkish prime minister's office saying agreement was reached in talks with Iraq to deepen security cooperation and "reorganise" military personnel at the Bashiqa camp.
"There is no way we can withdraw our soldiers from northern Iraq now," Erdogan told a news conference.
"There was a deployment, not for combat, but to protect soldiers providing training there."
"We will continue the training process decisively," he said.